In the UK, as in many other places, it has not been easy for workers to obtain certain benefits. In the United Kingdom, workers' unions were allowed to be formed in 1825. This permission was granted on the condition of not going on strike. However, in 1838, the first political attempt was made. This movement was called "Chartism". Labour leaders, some radical MPs, and a few intellectuals gathered and drafted a proclamation called the "People's Charter." Their aim was to grant certain rights to the working class. Although this movement continued until 1848, no result could be reached. Workers gained the right to vote only in 1867. In 1880, they succeeded in getting 11 deputies to the parliament. They accomplished this by nominating from the list of liberals. The name of the union that succeeds in this is the "Labour Representation League". Their becoming a party was led by James Keir Hardie in 1887. The name of the party was determined as "Sc...
Napoleon Bonaparte once said, "Glory is fleeting, but obscurity is forever." But what is it about human nature that destines some people, like Napoleon, for glory? Is the ability to lead, achieve, and even change the world something that people are born with? Or, is becoming a successful leader something that is acquired over time? New research published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology sheds new light on this age-old question. Researchers at the University of Houston, the University of Illinois, and the University of Tübingen in Germany compared personality test results of 1,795 individuals who first completed a personality test in 1960 (at age 16), and then again in 2010 (at age 66). The scientists examined 10 facets of personality, one of which was leadership. The thought was this: if leaders are, in fact, born, participants' personality test results at age 16 and 66 should be relatively consistent. However, if leaders are made, participants sho...